Literature References: EliSpot Applications in ResearchandDiagnostics Elispot is now widely used as a method to determinecytokinesecretion, especially in vaccine development. The antigenspecificsecretion of IFN-gamma also is used for diagnosticprocedures. Weinclude some references without any claim tocompleteness. Usemedline (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi) andtype"elispot and HIV", " elispot and HCV" etc. to getrecentpublications online. Replacing the Skin Prick: TB Diagnostics Arend SM, van Meijgaarden KE, de Boer K, de Palou EC,vanSoolingen D, Ottenhoff TH, van Dissel JT. (2002): Tuberculinskintesting and in vitro T cell responses to ESAT-6 andculturefiltrate protein 10 after infection withMycobacterium
marinum or M. kansasii. J Infect Dis. 186(12):1797-807 Ewer K, Deeks J, Alvarez L, Bryant G, Waller S, Andersen P,MonkP, Lalvani A. (2003): Comparison of T-cell-based assaywithtuberculin skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacteriumtuberculosisinfection in a school tuberculosis outbreak.
Lancet. 5;361(9364):1168-73. Chapman AL, Munkanta M, Wilkinson KA, Pathan AA, Ewer K, AylesH,Reece WH, Mwinga A, Godfrey-Faussett P, Lalvani A. (2002):Rapiddetection of active and latent tuberculosis infectioninHIV-positive individuals by enumeration ofMycobacteriumtuberculosis-specific T cells.
AIDS. 22;16(17):2285-93. Lalvani A, Pathan AA, Durkan H, Wilkinson KA, Whelan A, DeeksJJ,Reece WH, Latif M, Pasvol G, Hill AV. (2001): Enhancedcontacttracing and spatial tracking of Mycobacteriumtuberculosisinfection by enumeration of antigen-specific Tcells.
Lancet. 23;357(9273):2017-21. Lalvani A, Pathan AA, McShane H, Wilkinson RJ, Latif M,ConlonCP, Pasvol G, Hill AV. (2001): Rapid detection ofMycobacteriumtuberculosis infection by enumeration ofantigen-specific Tcells.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 163(4):824-8. Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA, Klenerman P, McShane H, DavidsonRN,Pasvol G, Hill AV, Lalvani A. (2001): Direct ex vivo analysisofantigen-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD4 T cells inMycobacteriumtuberculosis-infected individuals: associations withclinicaldisease state and effect of treatment.
J Immunol. 1;167(9):5217-25. Lalvani A, Nagvenkar P, Udwadia Z, Pathan AA, WilkinsonKA,Shastri JS, Ewer K, Hill AV, Mehta A, Rodrigues C.(2001):Enumeration of T cells specific for RD1-encoded antigenssuggests ahigh prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection inhealthy urban Indians.
J Infect Dis. 1;183(3):469-77. Epub 2001 Jan 09. Lalvani A. (2003): Spotting latent infection: the path tobettertuberculosis control.
Thorax. 58(11):916-8. Almeida D, Rodrigues C, Udwadia ZF, Lalvani A, Gothi GD, MehtaP,Mehta A. (2003) Incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosisinurban and rural India and implications for prevention.
Clin Infect Dis. 15;36(12):e152-4. Epub 2003 Jun 03. Cockle PJ, Gordon SV, Lalvani A, Buddle BM, HewinsonRG,Vordermeier HM. (2002): Identification of novelMycobacteriumtuberculosis antigens with potential as diagnosticreagents orsubunit vaccine candidates by comparativegenomics.
Infect Immun. 70(12):6996-7003. Lalvani A. (2002): CD8 cytotoxic T cells and the developmentofnew tuberculosis vaccines.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 15;166(6):789-90. Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA, Wilkinson RJ, Latif M, McShane H,PasvolG, Hill AV, Lalvani A. (2000) High frequencies ofcirculatingIFN-gamma-secreting CD8 cytotoxic T cells specific fora novel MHCclass I-restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitopein M.tuberculosis-infected subjects without disease.
Eur J Immunol. 30(9):2713-21. Lalvani A, Hill AV. (1998) Cytotoxic T-lymphocytesagainstmalaria and tuberculosis: from natural immunity tovaccinedesign.
Clin Sci (Lond). 95(5):531-8. Lyme Disease The Lyme-Disease can trigger an autoimmune reaction. Thesurfaceantigen OSP (Outer Surface Protein) A is highly similar tothehuman protein LFA-1, which can lead to misdirection oftheimmunological reaction against the host. Gross DM, Forsthuber T, Tary-Lehmann M et al.1998:Identification of LFA-1 as a candidate autoantigenintreatment-resistant Lyme-Arthritis. Science 281: 703-706 Chlamydia Infection With the EliSpot method the production ofanti-chlamydialantibodies can be detected at the cellular level. Daugharty H, Messmer TO, Fields BS 1997: Elispot assayforChlamydia-specific, antibody-producing cells correlatedwithconventional complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence.JClin Lab Anal 11: 45-52. Helicobacter pylori Infection A Helicobacter-Infection induces a Th1-response with anincreasedproduction of Interferon-gamma. Karttunen R, Karttunen T, Ekre HP & MacDonald TT1995:Interferon gamma and interleukin 4 secreting cells in thegastricantrum in Helicobacter pylori positive and negativegastritis. Gut36(3): 341-345. HIV Infection The loss of CD4+-cells leads to a reduced function of thewholeimmune system. The quotient CD4+/CD8+ ist shifted in favour oftheCD8+-cells. The response of the T-lymphocytes tostimulatingantigens or mitogens is significantly reduced. Design and validation of an ELISPOT assay are described forusein clinical trials of candidate human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)vaccines, using a particular immunogen termed HIVA M. Mwau, et al. Design and validation of an enzyme-linkedimmunospotassay for use in clinical trials of candidate HIVvaccines. AIDSResearch and Human Retroviruses 18 (9): 611-618 JUN10 2002 GladstoneInstitute Keir ME, Rosenberg MG, Sandberg JK, Jordan KA, Wiznia A,NixonDF, Stoddart CA, McCune JM. Generation of CD3+CD8lowthymocytes inthe HIV type 1-infected thymus. J Immunol. 2002Sep1;169(5):2788-96. Jennes W, Kestens L, Nixon D, Shacklett B. EnhancedELISPOTdetection of antigen-specific T cell responses fromcryopreservedspecimens with addition of both IL-7 and IL-15-theAmplispot assay.J Immunol Methods. 2002 Dec 1;270(1):99. Shacklett BL, Shaw KE, Adamson LA, Wilkens DT, Cox CA,MontefioriDC, Gardner MB, Sonigo P, Luciw PA. Live, AttenuatedSimianImmunodeficiency Virus SIVmac-M4, with Point Mutations inthe EnvTransmembrane Protein Intracytoplasmic Domain, ProvidesPartialProtection from Mucosal Challenge with PathogenicSIVmac251. JVirol. 2002 Nov 15;76(22):11365-11378. Shacklett BL, Means RE, Larsson M, Wilkens DT, Beadle TJ,MerrittMJ, Bhardwaj N, Palumbo PE, Skurnick JH, Louria DB, NixonDF.Dendritic cell amplification of HIV type 1-specific CD8+ Tcellresponses in exposed, seronegative heterosexual women. AIDS ResHumRetroviruses. 2002 Jul 20;18(11):805-15. Skurnick JH, Palumbo P, DeVico A, Shacklett BL, ValentineFT,Merges M, Kamin-Lewis R, Mestecky J, Denny T, Lewis GK, LloydJ,Praschunus R, Baker A, Nixon DF, Stranford S, Gallo R, VermundSH,Louria DB. Correlates of nontransmission in US women at highriskof human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection throughsexualexposure. J Infect Dis. 2002 Feb 15;185(4):428-38. Multiple Sklerosis: A Th1-response against (INF-, IL-2) Myeline Basic Proteineseemsto be causally involved in the genesis of Multiple Sklerosis. McCutcheon M, Wehner N, Wensky A et al. 1997: A sensitiveElispotassay to detect low-frequency human T-lymphocytes. JImmunol Methods210(2): 149-166. Allergy Interleukin-4, produced by Th2 cells, induces class switchinplasma cells from IgM and IgG to IgE. Interferon-gamma, producedbyTh1-cells, counters this effect. Allergen-specific IL-4producingTh2-cells can be detected in vitro with the EliSpotmethod. Theycorrelate with the IgE-titers in sera of personssuffering fromatopies. Gabrielsson S, Paulie S, Rak S et al. 1997: Specific inductionofinterleukin-4-producing cells in response to in vitroallergenstimulation in atopic individuals. Clin Exp Allergy 27:808-815. Allograft Rejection In recipients of allogenetic renal transplants a quotientofInterferon-gamma to Interleukin-5 higher than 15 correlates withanallograft rejection. Tary-Lehmann M, Hricik D, Justice AC et al. 1998:Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay spot detection of Interferon-gammaindinterleukin 5-producing cells as a predictive marker forrenalallograft failure. Transplantation 66:219-224. |