Application in diagnosis and research & literature
在诊断、科研以及学术领域，应用德国AID酶联斑点分析仪（AID Elispot Reader）发表文献如下：
Literature References: EliSpot Applications in Research and Diagnostics
学术文献：在科研、诊断领域的EliSpot应用文献
Elispot is now widely used as a method to determine cytokine secretion, especially in vaccine development. The antigen specific secretion of IFN-gamma also is used for diagnostic procedures. We include some references without any claim to completeness. Use medline (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi) and type "elispot and HIV", " elispot and HCV" etc. to get recent publications online.
Replacing the Skin Prick: TB Diagnostics 替代皮肤测试：结核检测
Arend SM, van Meijgaarden KE, de Boer K, de Palou EC, vanSoolingen D, Ottenhoff TH, van Dissel JT. (2002): Tuberculin skintesting and in vitro T cell responses to ESAT-6 and culturefiltrate protein 10 after infection with Mycobacterium
marinum or M. kansasii. J Infect Dis. 186(12):1797-807
Ewer K, Deeks J, Alvarez L, Bryant G, Waller S, Andersen P, MonkP, Lalvani A. (2003): Comparison of T-cell-based assay withtuberculin skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection in a school tuberculosis outbreak.
Lancet. 5;361(9364):1168-73.
Chapman AL, Munkanta M, Wilkinson KA, Pathan AA, Ewer K, AylesH, Reece WH, Mwinga A, Godfrey-Faussett P, Lalvani A. (2002): Rapiddetection of active and latent tuberculosis infection inHIV-positive individuals by enumeration of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis-specific T cells.
AIDS. 22;16(17):2285-93.
Lalvani A, Pathan AA, Durkan H, Wilkinson KA, Whelan A, DeeksJJ, Reece WH, Latif M, Pasvol G, Hill AV. (2001): Enhanced contacttracing and spatial tracking of Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection by enumeration of antigen-specific T cells.
Lancet. 23;357(9273):2017-21.
Lalvani A, Pathan AA, McShane H, Wilkinson RJ, Latif M, ConlonCP, Pasvol G, Hill AV. (2001): Rapid detection of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis infection by enumeration of antigen-specific Tcells.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 163(4):824-8.
Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA, Klenerman P, McShane H, Davidson RN,Pasvol G, Hill AV, Lalvani A. (2001): Direct ex vivo analysis ofantigen-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD4 T cells in Mycobacteriumtuberculosis-infected individuals: associations with clinicaldisease state and effect of treatment.
J Immunol. 1;167(9):5217-25.
Lalvani A, Nagvenkar P, Udwadia Z, Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA,Shastri JS, Ewer K, Hill AV, Mehta A, Rodrigues C. (2001):Enumeration of T cells specific for RD1-encoded antigens suggests ahigh prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection inhealthy urban Indians.
J Infect Dis. 1;183(3):469-77. Epub 2001 Jan 09.
Lalvani A. (2003): Spotting latent infection: the path to bettertuberculosis control.
Thorax. 58(11):916-8.
Almeida D, Rodrigues C, Udwadia ZF, Lalvani A, Gothi GD, MehtaP, Mehta A. (2003) Incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis inurban and rural India and implications for prevention.
Clin Infect Dis. 15;36(12):e152-4. Epub 2003 Jun 03.
Cockle PJ, Gordon SV, Lalvani A, Buddle BM, Hewinson RG,Vordermeier HM. (2002): Identification of novel Mycobacteriumtuberculosis antigens with potential as diagnostic reagents orsubunit vaccine candidates by comparative genomics.
Infect Immun. 70(12):6996-7003.
Lalvani A. (2002): CD8 cytotoxic T cells and the development ofnew tuberculosis vaccines.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 15;166(6):789-90.
Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA, Wilkinson RJ, Latif M, McShane H,Pasvol G, Hill AV, Lalvani A. (2000) High frequencies ofcirculating IFN-gamma-secreting CD8 cytotoxic T cells specific fora novel MHC class I-restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitopein M. tuberculosis-infected subjects without disease.
Eur J Immunol. 30(9):2713-21.
Lalvani A, Hill AV. (1998) Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes againstmalaria and tuberculosis: from natural immunity to vaccinedesign.
Clin Sci (Lond). 95(5):531-8.
Lyme Disease 莱姆病
The Lyme-Disease can trigger an autoimmune reaction. The surfaceantigen OSP (Outer Surface Protein) A is highly similar to thehuman protein LFA-1, which can lead to misdirection of theimmunological reaction against the host.
Gross DM, Forsthuber T, Tary-Lehmann M et al. 1998:Identification of LFA-1 as a candidate autoantigen intreatment-resistant Lyme-Arthritis. Science 281: 703-706
Chlamydia Infection 衣原体感染
With the EliSpot method the production of anti-chlamydialantibodies can be detected at the cellular level.
Daugharty H, Messmer TO, Fields BS 1997: Elispot assay forChlamydia-specific, antibody-producing cells correlated withconventional complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence. JClin Lab Anal 11: 45-52.
Helicobacter pylori Infection 幽门螺杆菌感染
A Helicobacter-Infection induces a Th1-response with anincreased production of Interferon-gamma.
Karttunen R, Karttunen T, Ekre HP & MacDonald TT 1995:Interferon gamma and interleukin 4 secreting cells in the gastricantrum in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastritis. Gut36(3): 341-345.
HIV Infection 艾滋病
The loss of CD4+-cells leads to a reduced function of the wholeimmune system. The quotient CD4+/CD8+ ist shifted in favour of theCD8+-cells. The response of the T-lymphocytes to stimulatingantigens or mitogens is significantly reduced.
Design and validation of an ELISPOT assay are described for usein clinical trials of candidate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)vaccines, using a particular immunogen termed HIVA M.
Mwau, et al. Design and validation of an enzyme-linkedimmunospot assay for use in clinical trials of candidate HIVvaccines. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 18 (9): 611-618 JUN10 2002
GladstoneInstitute
Keir ME, Rosenberg MG, Sandberg JK, Jordan KA, Wiznia A, NixonDF, Stoddart CA, McCune JM. Generation of CD3+CD8low thymocytes inthe HIV type 1-infected thymus. J Immunol. 2002 Sep1;169(5):2788-96.
Jennes W, Kestens L, Nixon D, Shacklett B. Enhanced ELISPOTdetection of antigen-specific T cell responses from cryopreservedspecimens with addition of both IL-7 and IL-15-the Amplispot assay.J Immunol Methods. 2002 Dec 1;270(1):99.
Shacklett BL, Shaw KE, Adamson LA, Wilkens DT, Cox CA,Montefiori DC, Gardner MB, Sonigo P, Luciw PA. Live, AttenuatedSimian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac-M4, with Point Mutations inthe Env Transmembrane Protein Intracytoplasmic Domain, ProvidesPartial Protection from Mucosal Challenge with PathogenicSIVmac251. J Virol. 2002 Nov 15;76(22):11365-11378.
Shacklett BL, Means RE, Larsson M, Wilkens DT, Beadle TJ,Merritt MJ, Bhardwaj N, Palumbo PE, Skurnick JH, Louria DB, NixonDF. Dendritic cell amplification of HIV type 1-specific CD8+ T cellresponses in exposed, seronegative heterosexual women. AIDS Res HumRetroviruses. 2002 Jul 20;18(11):805-15.
Skurnick JH, Palumbo P, DeVico A, Shacklett BL, Valentine FT,Merges M, Kamin-Lewis R, Mestecky J, Denny T, Lewis GK, Lloyd J,Praschunus R, Baker A, Nixon DF, Stranford S, Gallo R, Vermund SH,Louria DB. Correlates of nontransmission in US women at high riskof human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection through sexualexposure. J Infect Dis. 2002 Feb 15;185(4):428-38.
Multiple Sklerosis 多发性硬化症
A Th1-response against (INF-, IL-2) Myeline Basic Proteine seemsto be causally involved in the genesis of Multiple Sklerosis.
McCutcheon M, Wehner N, Wensky A et al. 1997: A sensitiveElispot assay to detect low-frequency human T-lymphocytes. JImmunol Methods 210(2): 149-166.
Allergy 过敏学
Interleukin-4, produced by Th2 cells, induces class switch inplasma cells from IgM and IgG to IgE. Interferon-gamma, produced byTh1-cells, counters this effect. Allergen-specific IL-4 producingTh2-cells can be detected in vitro with the EliSpot method. Theycorrelate with the IgE-titers in sera of persons suffering fromatopies.
Gabrielsson S, Paulie S, Rak S et al. 1997: Specific inductionof interleukin-4-producing cells in response to in vitro allergenstimulation in atopic individuals. Clin Exp Allergy 27: 808-815.
Allograft Rejection 移植排斥
In recipients of allogenetic renal transplants a quotient ofInterferon-gamma to Interleukin-5 higher than 15 correlates with anallograft rejection.
Tary-Lehmann M, Hricik D, Justice AC et al. 1998: Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay spot detection of Interferon-gamma indinterleukin 5-producing cells as a predictive marker for renalallograft failure. Transplantation 66: 219-224.